PG+5

61. **Fascism**- a political philosophy that advocates a strong, centralized nationalistic government headed by powerful dictator;stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals -Kelly Muraski

62. **genocide**- the deliberate and systematic killing of an entire population. -Kelly Muraski

63. **totalitarian**- characteristic of a political system in which the government exercise complete control over its citizens lives -Kelly Muraski

64. **Nazism**- the political philosophy- based on extreme, nationalism, racism, and militaristic expansionism - that Adolf Hitler put into practice in Germany from 1933 to 1945 - Kelly Muraski

65. **Neutrality Acts**- a series of laws entacte in 1935 and 1936 to prevent US. arms sales and loans to nations at war -Kelly Muraski

66. **Holocaust**- the systematic murder of 11 million people across Europe; a vast majority of them were Jewish Brenna Palmer

67. **Kristallnacht**- "Night of Broken Glass"; On November 9-10, 1938, Nazi storm troopers attacked the homes, businesses, and synagogues of Jewish people in Germany. 100 Jewish people were killed, 30,000 were arrested, and hundreds more were injured. Brenna Palmer

68.**Neville Chamberlain**- The British prime minister who signed the controversial Munich Agreement (the agreement that turned Sudetenland over to Germany without any violance) on September 30, 1938. Brenna Palmer

69. **Blitzkrieg**- the German's newest military strategy during the time of World War II. "Lightning War" made use of advances in military technology to take the enemy by surprise and then quickly crush all opposition. Brenna Palmer

70. **Charles de Gaulle**- a French general who fled to England after Germany took over the French government. There, he set up a government-in-exile. He said, "France has lost a battle, but France has not lost the war." Brenna Palmer

71. **Il Duce**-- literally means "the leader" in Italian, and was used to describe Benito Mussolini during his reign as the fascist totalitarian leader in the 1920s through 40s. Mussolini extended his leadership throughout all of Italy, controlling nearly every aspect of life, and crushing all opposition. Maddie Dang

72. **Abraham Lincoln Battalion**-- set of about 3000 Americans that traveled to Spain to fight Francisco Franco and his supporters during the Spanish Civil War in 1936. A large number of soldiers were African Americans still upset that Italian fascists invaded Ethiopia the year before. Franco supported fascism, which is another reason the Battalion set out to end his revolt--to end fascism. However, they failed in their mission and eventually, Franco became the Fascist dictator of Spain. Maddie Dang

73. **Sudetenland**--the bordering regions of Czechoslovakia where about 3 million German-speaking people lived. Hitler was dedicated to annexing this territory, and lied to the British and French by saying that if he was allowed to take this territory, it would be his "last territorial demand." Maddie Dang

74. **Ghetto**--segregated Jewish areas in certain Polish cities. Jews were sent her as a forced relocation. Here, many people died or were forced to work in German industries within the area of the ghetto. However, there were brighter spots--adults had secret schools to teach the children, theaters and music groups continued to operate, resistance movements formed, and underground newspapers were published. Maddie Dang

75. **Concentration Camp**--labor camps used by Nazis to humiliate, starve, and work the prisoners nearly to death. Usually entire families were taken and separated, and usually they were never reunited. Maddie Dang

76. **Axis powers:** In September 1940, Americans were jolted by the news that Germany, Italy, and Japan had signed a mutual defense treaty, the Tripartite Pact. The three nations became known as the Axis powers. //M. Lankford: American History text book//

77. **Lend-Lease Act:** Passed on March 11, 1941, this act set up a system that would allow the United States to lend or lease war supplies to any nation deemed "vital to the defense of the United States." The legislation gave President Franklin D Rooseveltthe powers to sell, transfer, exchange, lend equipment to any country to help it defend itself against the Axis powers. //M. Lankford: []//

78. **Atlantic Charter:** Although Churchill hoped for a military commitment, he settled for a joint declaration of war aims, called the Atlantic Charter. Both countries pledged the following: collective security, disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation, and freedom of the seas. //M. Lankford: American History text Book//

79.**Hideki Tojo:** Hideki Tojo was Prime Minister of Japan when the attack on Pearl Harbor took place plunging the Far East into a war which was to end with the destruction of Hiroshima in August 1945. For his part in leading Japan into World War II, Tojo was executed as a war criminal. //M. Lankford: []//

80.**Allies**: were the countries that opposed the Axis powers during the WWII (1939–1945). Former Axis states contributing to the allied victory are not considered Allied states. The Allies became involved in World War II either because they had already been invaded, were directly threatened with invasion by the Axis or because they were concerned that the Axis powers would come to control the world. They also signed the charter of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945. //M. Lankford: []//

PG 6