PG+1


 * Terms, Concepts and Names:**

was an American politician and political philosopher who served as the fourth president of the United States (1809–1817) and is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was the principal author of the US Constitution, and is often called the "Father of the Constitution". In 1788, he wrote over a third of the "Federalists Papers" the most influential commentary on the Constitution. The first president to have served in the United States Congress, he was a leader in the 1st United States Congress drafting many basic laws, and was responsible for the first ten amendments to the Constitution and thus is also known as the "Father of the Bill of Rights" M. Lankford []
 * 1. James Madison:**

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 * 2. Alexander Hamilton:** United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank; was mortally wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr (1755-1804) //B Palmer//

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 * 3. Gouverneur Morris:** United States statesman who led the committee that produced the final draft of the United States Constitution (1752-1816) //B Palmer//

was an American lawyer and politician from [|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania] and [|Wilmington, Delaware]. He was a militia officer during the American Revolution, a Continental Congressman from Pennsylvania and Delaware, a delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787, President of Delaware and President of Pennsylvania. M. Lankford ** [] **
 * 4. John Dickinson:**

was a proposal by Virginia delegates, drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The Virginia Plan was notable for its role in setting the overall agenda for debate in the convention and, in particular, for setting forth the idea of population weighted representation in the proposed national legislature. M. Lankford []
 * 5. Virginia Plan:**

(also known as the Small State or Paterson Plan) was a proposal for the structure of the United States Government proposed by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787. The plan was created in response to the Virginia Plan's call for two houses of Congress, both elected with apportionment according to population or direct taxes paid. The less populous states were adamantly opposed to giving most of the control of the national government to the larger states, and so proposed an alternate plan that would have given one vote per state for equal representation under one legislative body (i.e., a Unicameral Legislature). This was a compromise for the issue of the houses. This plan was opposed by James Madison and Edmund Randolph. A Florido __http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey_Plan__
 * 6. New Jersey Plan:**

offered a two-house Congress to satisfy both small and big states. Each state would have equal representation the Senate, or upper house. The size of the population of each state would determine its representation in the House of Representatives, or lower house. Voters of each state would choose members of the House. The state legislatures would choose members of the Senate. This plan pleased those who favored government by the people insofar as it allowed voters to choose representatives. It also pleased those who defended states’ rights insofar as it preserved the power of state legislatures. A Florido ** ﻿ **** ﻿ **The Americans p.142
 * 7. Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise):**

the first of three great political compromises made in the United States by the Northern and Southern states, occurring every thirty years, in an attempt to keep the Union together and prevent civil war. A Florido __http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compromise_of_1790__ //[]=//
 * 8. Commercial Compromise:**
 * 9. Electoral College:** the body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice president. //B Palmer//

a member of a major political party in the early years of the United States favoring a strong centralized national government. They favored the new Constitution’s balance of power between the states and the national government. M. Lankford []
 * 10. Federalists:**

a member of the group that opposed the adoption of the United States Constitution. They opposed having such a strong central government and thus were against the Constitution. M. Lankford []
 * 11. Anti-Federalists:**

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 * 12. Cabinet:** persons appointed by a head of state to head executive departments of government and act as official advisers. //B Palmer//

was a landmark statute adopted on September 24, 1789 in the first session of the First United States Congress establishing the U.S. federal judiciary. Article III, section 1 of the Constitution prescribed that the "judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court," and such inferior courts as Congress saw fit to establish. It made no provision, though, for the composition or procedures of any of the courts, leaving this to Congress to decide. The existence of a separate federal judiciary had been controversial during the debates over the ratification of the Constitution. Anti-Federalists had denounced the judicial power as a potential instrument of national tyranny. Indeed, of the ten amendments that eventually became the Bill of Rights, five (the fourth through the eighth) dealt primarily with judicial proceedings. Even after ratification, some opponents of a strong judiciary urged that the federal court system be limited to a Supreme Court and perhaps local admiralty judges. The Congress, however, decided to establish a system of federal trial courts with broader jurisdiction, thereby creating an arm for enforcement of national laws within each state. A Florido []
 * 13. Judiciary Act of 1789:**

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 * 14. Tariffs; Excise Tax:** a tax that is measured by the amount of business done (not on property or income from real estate). //B Palmer//

was a formal announcement issued by United States President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the nation //neutral// in the conflict between France and Great Britain. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to warring countries. The Proclamation led to theNeutrality Act of 1794. A Florido []
 * 15. Proclamation of Neutrality:**

**PG 2.**