PG+2


 * 16. "Citizen" Edmond Genet:** known as **Citizen Genêt**, was a [|French] ambassador to the [|United States] during the [|French Revolution]. S. pence []

The Jay Treaty smoothed and increased trade between the countries, and it averted another war until 1812, and this pleased both sides. Jay Treaty gained the primary American desires, which included the withdrawal of units of the [|British Army] from forts that it had stayed in control of in the [|Northwest Territory] of the United States (the area west of Pennsylvania). This the British had recognized as American territory in the Treaty of Paris of 1783. It was also agreed that disputes over wartime debts and the American-Canadian boundary were sent to [|arbitration] — one of the first major uses of arbitration in diplomatic history. The Americans were also granted some rights to trade with British possessions in [|India] and islands in the [|Caribbean Sea] in exchange for some American limits on the export of cotton. The treaty averted possible war but immediately became one of the central issues in domestic American politics, with [|Thomas Jefferson] and [|James Madison] leading the opposition. They feared that closer economic ties with Britain would strengthen the [|Federalists]. The treaty encouraged trade between the two nations for a decade, but it broke down after 1803. The main parts of the treaty expired after 10 years. Efforts to agree on a replacement treaty failed in 1806 when Jefferson rejected the [|Monroe-Pinkney Treaty] as tensions escalated towards the [|War of 1812].[|[][|5][|]]
 * 17. Jay Treaty:**
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Treaty kmuraski**


 * 18. Pinckney Treaty:** was signed in [|San Lorenzo de El Escorial] on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the [|United States] and [|Spain]. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the [|Spanish colonies] and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the [|Mississippi River].
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinckney_treaty kmuraski**


 * 19. Battle of Fallen Timbers:** (August 20, 1794) was the final battle of the [|Northwest Indian War], a struggle between [|American Indian] tribes affiliated with the [|Western Confederacy] and the [|United States] for control of the [|Northwest Territory] (an area bounded on the south by the [|Ohio River], on the west by the [|Mississippi River], and on the northeast by the [|Great Lakes])
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fallen_Timbers kmuraski**

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisky_Rebellion **kmuraski**
 * 20. Whisky Rebellion:** was a tax protest in Pennsylvania in the 1790s, during the [|presidency of George Washington]. The conflict was rooted in western dissatisfaction with a 1791 [|excise] tax on [|whiskey]. The tax was a part of treasury secretary [|Alexander Hamilton]'s program to centralize and fund the national debt. From the national perspective the issue was how laws passed by the Congress would be enforced.[|[][|2][|]]

[]
 * 21. Washington's Farewell Address:** was the message to the American people published by outgoing President George Washington on September 17, 1796. Washington wrote it during the height of a divisive Presidential campaign. In it he outlined three principles that he believed the new nation should follow in public affairs. First, sectional antagonisms should be put to rest. Second, “the baneful effects of the spirit of party” should be muted because they threatened liberty by subordinating people to demagogic leaders and hampering the ability of the President to promote the national interest. Third, U.S. diplomacy should “steer clear of permanent alliances” and “trust to temporary alliances for extraordinary emergencies." The address was controversial. Washington's political opponents, such as James Madison, saw it as nothing more than a defense of Washington's term in office. Politicians took little heed of Washington's advice: in the 19th century the two-party system was established and sectional animosity increased until the Civil War. The United States did follow one piece of his advice: it did not enter into permanent military alliances with other nations until the end of World War II. (MBalachowski)

Adams was one of the leaders in the fight for American Independence. His most notable accomplishsment, as President, was to avoid a war with France, while maintaining American honor. A believer in centralized government, he helped strengthen the Federal govenment. Elected: [|1792], [|1796] (MBalachowski) []
 * 22. John Adams:**

//**http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XYZ_Affair kmuraski**//
 * 23. XYZ Affair:** The **XYZ Affair** was a diplomatic event that strained relations between [|France] and the [|United States], and led to an undeclared naval war called the [|Quasi-War]. It took place from March of [|1798] to [|1800].[|[][|1][|]]


 * 24. Alien and Sedition Acts:** The **Alien and Sedition Acts** were four bills passed in 1798 by the [|Federalists] in the [|5th United States Congress] during an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the [|Quasi-War]. They were signed into law by President [|John Adams]. Proponents claimed the acts were designed to protect the United States from [|alien citizens of enemy powers] and to prevent [|seditious] attacks from weakening the government. The [|Democratic-Republicans], like later historians, denominated them as being both unconstitutional and designed to stifle criticism of the administration, and as infringing on the right of the states to act in these areas. They became a major political issue in the elections of 1798 and 1800.
 * //http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts kmuraski//**

[]
 * 25. Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions:** (1788 – 89) Measures passed by the legislatures of Virginia and Kentucky as a protest against the Alien and Sedition Acts. Drafted by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson (though their role went unknown for 25 years), the resolutions protested limitations on civil liberties and declared the right of states to decide on the constitutionality of federal legislation. Though their authors applied the resolutions to the specific issues of the day, Southern states later used the measures to support the theories of nullification and secession. (MBalachowski)


 * 26. Election of 1800:** This presidential election is the most significant in US history because of its far reaching impact on electoral policies. The electoral college system from the Constitution broke down allowing Burr, the VP candidate to be in contention for the presidency against Thomas Jefferson. It was decided in the House after twenty-six ballots. Signficance: The 12th Amendment was added changing the electoral process. Further, a peaceful exchange of political power occured (Federalist out, Democratic-Republicans in). (MBalachowski) []

<span style="background-color: transparent !important; border-bottom: #006400 0.07em solid; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; bottom: auto; color: #006400 !important; display: block; float: none; font-family: inherit !important; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal !important; left: auto; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; outline-style: none; padding-bottom: 1px !important; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: static !important; right: auto; text-align: left; text-decoration: underline !important; top: auto;">United States as a nation. It proved to other nations that the republican experiment began by the revolutionary seed of independence could not only thrive, but succeed. In the fierce political battles of Adam's term this orderly exchange of power seemed impossible to ever achieve but this election proved all the skeptics wrong. The Revolution of 1800 was so named by the winner of the 1800 election, Thomas Jefferson. He called this election a revolution because his party, the Republicans, peacefully and orderly received the power with nothing but acceptance by the federalists. This was how the founding fathers designed the government to be. (MBalachowski) []
 * 27. Revolution of 1800:** The Revolution of 1800 was monumental in the development of the

The **Twelfth Amendment** (**Amendment XII**) to the [|United States Constitution] provides the procedure for electing the [|President] and [|Vice President]. It replaced [|Article II, Section 1, Clause 3], which provided the original procedure by which the [|Electoral College] functioned. Problems with this procedure were demonstrated in the elections of [|1796] and [|1800]. The Twelfth Amendment was proposed by the [|Congress] on December 9, 1803, and was ratified by the requisite number of [|state legislatures] on June 15, 1804. S. Pence []
 * 28. 12th Amendment:**


 * 29. Barbary Pirates:** any of the Muslim pirates operating from the coast of [|North Africa], at their most powerful during the 17th century but still active until the 19th century. Captains, who formed a class in Algiers and Tunis, commanded cruisers outfitted by wealthy backers, who then received 10 percent of the value of the prizes. The pirates used galleys until the 17th century, when Simon Danser, a Flemish renegade, taught them the advantage of using [|sailing ships]. S Pence []


 * 30. War of 1812:** The **War of 1812** was a military conflict fought between the forces of the [|United States of America] and those of the [|British Empire], including those of present-day [|Canada].[|[nb 2]] The Americans declared war in 1812 for a number of reasons, including a desire for expansion into the [|Northwest Territory], trade restrictions because of Britain's ongoing [|war with France], [|impressment] of American merchant sailors into the [|Royal Navy], British support of [|American Indian] tribes against American expansion, and the humiliation of American honour. Until 1814, the British Empire adopted a defensive strategy, repelling multiple American invasions of the provinces of [|Upper and Lower Canada]. However, the Americans gained control over [|Lake Erie] in 1813, seized parts of [|western Ontario], and destroyed [|Tecumseh's] dream of an [|Indian confederacy]. In the [|Southwest] General [|Andrew Jackson] humbled the [|Creek nation] at the [|Battle of Horseshoe Bend] but with the [|defeat of Napoleon in 1814], the British adopted a more aggressive strategy, sending in three large armies along with more patrols. British victory at the [|Battle of Bladensburg] in August 1814 allowed the British to [|capture and burn Washington, D.C]. American victories in September 1814 and January 1815 repulsed British [|invasions of New York], [|Baltimore] and [|New Orleans]. [] S.Pence

**PG 3**